Kaphleia Leh Thlirtu

“...Keimah leh keimah ka rilru a, khawvel hi eng nge
ka hnut chhiah ang? Ka ram hi eng nge ka hnutchhiah ang?
Hnahthel ro angin ka tla bo mai dawn em ni?’...”

    Literature ze thuang hrang hrang dai dar a, Mizo te tana hmai phih hawng hmasa tu, Mizo Literature a thawh hlawk leh sulsutu. ‘Father of  Mizo Essay’ tia koh phu, Kaphleia Chhakchhuak chanchin sawi tur hian mahni insit na duh hle mahse, kumin 2010, a thih atanga kum 70 na leh a piancham kum 100 na lo thleng pual a ka tih theih ve tawk a nih vang leh a ngaihsan awmzia ka thalai pui ten an hriat ve ka duh avangin ka theih ang tawkin a chanchin leh a kut ziak  ‘Thlirtu’ chungchang hi i han thlir ho ve dawn teh ang. ‘Zah fakah lu em a chhum lo’ng chu maw?’.

A CHANCHIN TLANGPUI :
    Kaphleia Chhakchhuak hi Chalchhingvunga leh Chuaizovi te fa hming koh niin kum 1910 January ni 10 ah Thiak khua ah a lo piang a,  an unau hi a lu nung chuan 6 an piang na a, mahse an naupan laiin 2 an thih avangin dam puitling chu 4 chiah an ni a, amah chiah hi mipa awm chhun a ni. Tunah hian an unau za in mual an liam vek  tawh a ni. Thiak khua atangin a pa hna (Dak la) avangin Sialsuk ah an pem a, chuta tangin Thiak ah an let leh a. Kum 1927 ah Tachhip ah an pem leh a, he hmunah hian an in bengbel hlen ta a ni.
    Zirna lam ah chuan Sialsuk a an awm laiin Pawl 3 thleng a zir a, Aizawl lamah Boys’ M.E School ah a kal a, Middle School a zawh hnu in Shillong-ah  July ni 8, 1931 ah a chhuk a, Govt. High School-ah zir leh in kum 1934 ah tha takin Matric a Exam a, kum 1935 ah an khua Tachhip M.E School ah a nghet lovin a thawk a, June ni 1, 1935 ah Matric a pass tih a hre nghe nghe. Scottish Church College a Intermediate of Arts (IA)  zir turin Culcutta lamah chhuk lehin July ni 19, 1935 ah a lut a, kum 1936 ah a kum khatna tha takin a zo a, a kum hnihna pawh zir chhunzawm leh nghalin, 1937 ah final exam tur a a inbuatsaih laiin a damlo ta a, 1937 ah phei chuan a zual hle nghal a, damdawiin ah a inentir chung pawhin engmah a an theih loh avangin a zirna chu ui tak chungin a chawlhsan phah ta a ni.
    A khua a sik thu a diary ah ziak zeuh zeuh thin mahse, kum 1937 July ni 14 chuan ‘Ka khua a sik’ tiin chiang takin a ziak a ni. In enkawl chhunzawm turin August ni 11, 1937 ah Shillong-ah a chho a, anihna takah chuan High School a kal laia amah duhsak em em thin tu, fapa ang hial a enkawltu an Principal E.E Pugh belh a duh vang niin a lang. A natna in a hneh tawh em avangin August ni 12, 1937 ah W.M Hospital ah a lut nghal a, khatih laia natna tihbaiawm tak, a vei te pawhin thih pui ngei ngei tur a an ngaih NGAWR (TB) natna a vei thu a hre ta a ni. Damdawi ina a awm lai hian Mizo Novel Hmasa ber ‘Hawilopari’ tih leh short story hmasa ber ‘Lali’ tih ziaktu Pastor Liangkhaia fapa L.Biakliana (1918-1941) nen intawngin natna thuhmun vei an nih avangin an inkawp chho ta zel a ni.
    Shillong-ah hian in enkawl ngaihna vak a awm bik loh avangin rilru na tak chungin a hmangaih Mizoram lam panin September  ni 6, 1937 ah, he a khualzinna ram a amah duhsak a, hmangaih em em tu a thian Sapte nen he khawvel a inhmuh leh beisei tawh lovin “Lui ral ram mawiah khian kan intawk leh dawn nia” (We shall meet beyond the River) tia inthlahna thu mittui nena sawi chungin an inthen ta a ni.
    Mizoram an lo thlenin Durtlang damdawiin ah an lut nghala, natna tihbdam theih loh an vei avangin Ward pangngaiah an tan awm ve a rem si lo a, Biakliana nena an awm dunna turin damdawi in sir ah Inte an sak sakin, ‘INTE THAWVENG’ tiin hming an vuah sak a. He in hi tumah tlawh phal loin hriattirna :
                 “ He in hi tlawh phal a ni lo. A tlawh kan hmuh chuan a pawi hle ang.
                Mi tin tana tha tur a ni”
tiin damdawi in hotu ten an tar a ni. ( ‘Inte Thawveng’ hi tuna Durtlang damdawi in gate luh chiah a dinglam pang sir ah hian a ni. B. Lalthangliana ‘Kaphleia leh Keimah’)
    ‘Inte Thawveng’-ah thla 8 dawn a awm hnuin May ni 4, 1938 ah tlema a natna a ziaawm deuh avangin an khua Tachhip ah a haw a, kum 1938 June ni 1 ah Zosap Missionary Pu Mena (Rev.E.L.Mendus) leh Kohhran hruaitu ten an va tlawh nghe nghe a ni. A pual a in sakna turin cheng 20 an pe a, tichuan an inpui kawmchar ah, an in  nen a kal pawh awlsam turin kawngka pui leh tukverh pakhat nei in ‘Inte’ bawk an saksak a, he ‘Inte’-ah hian kumkhat bawr a awm a ni. Amaherawh chu a dinhmunin tlakhniam lam a pan zel avangin June ni 15, 1939 ah Durtlang Damdawiin ah an lut leh a. Kum tawp December ni 31, 1939 thleng a awm leh a ni. Hetianga natna a tawrh lai pawh hian Pathian a vui a hnekin “...kan chung a thil thleng tur kan hriat lawk theih lohna hi Pathian thilpek ropui a ni...” a ti thei hi a fakawm thlawt a ni
    Kum 1940 kum tir lamah a natna in that lam a pan chuan loh avangin an khua Tachhip lamah a haw phei leh a, zual lam a pan zel tak avang leh hri a kai darh an hlauh avangin a nu leh pa te pawhin khawngaih hle mahse khawtlang mipui mit mei ven avangin a chenna in sawn an rel a. Hetih laia Tachhip Presbyterian Biak In (tunah pawh Biak In hmun ala ni) hnung hla tawkah ‘Inte’ bawk an saksak leh a. Mipui tlawh pawh theih lohna hmunah chuan khawhar takin hun a hmang ta a ni. A natna in a hneh tak em avangin a chhungte chuan khawngaih in an in lamah an la phei leh a, kum 1940 , November ni 13-ah he khawvela a zinkawng kum 30 chauh a zawh hnuin, nat leh hrehawm awm tawh lohna hmunah, he a vahvaihna thlaler ram hi alo chhuahsan ta  ni. Amah duh ang ngeiin Biak in hnunga ama pual a ‘Inte’ an saksak na hmunah chuan  an phum a, a hnuah a pa in Bung a phun a, ‘Kaphleia Bung’ tia vuahin, he bung hi tun thlengin ala awm. A thlanlung, a nu leh pa’n an zalhna hmunah chuan :
    Kan fapa neih chhun,
    Kan thlamuanna ber thin:
    Kaphleia Chhakchhuak,
    1910 Jan, ni 10-ah a lo piang a.
    Kum 1937 ah College ah I.A. zir
    zovin a lo chhuak a. Kum 4 chhung
    natna hrehawm tak tuarin kum 1940
    Nov. ni 13 zan dar 10 ah
    he hmunah hian a muhil ta.
A pa : Chalchhingvunga
A nu : Chuaizovi
tiin a inziak a ni

ESSAY : THLIRTU
    Amahin a lo  sawi ang ngeiin “Kan dam rei leh kan dam rei loh te hi kum te, thla te hian a hril lo ve, kan thu leh kan thil tih in a hril ber zawk a ni” alo tih angin he khawvela a damchhung rei lo hle mahse, a kut chhuak hmana a hlutna kan hriatthiam loh thin kha a dik zia a lo lang a, thangthar te nuna chi ropui tak a tuh mek a, ala tuh zel dawn ni te pawhin a lang. Mizo te zing a Essay puitling ziak hmasa ber a nih  avanga thi thei tawh lo tur a ni. A Essay “Thlirtu” hi  April ni 11, 1939 ah ziak tanin , Sept ni 24, 1939-ah a zova, Nov ni 10, 1939 ah a chul mam leh ani. Hetih lai hian ‘Inte Thawveng’ ah khawhar takin, natna nasa tak nen an inbuan lai a ni a, heta tang pawh hian Kaphleia ropui zia kan hmu, a hmangaih Mizoram tan tih theih nei tlem hle mahse a ngaihtuahna a chawl lova, kawng engemaw tak a kawngro a sut ve ngei a ring tlat a ni.
    A  nuna kan hmuh lian em em chu  Mi khawhar thei tak a nihna kha a ni. A hun laia natna tihdam theih loh avei avang khan a khua a har zual ni te pawhin a lang. A ram leh hnam tana fa hrin man hla lo lutuk nia a in ngaihna hian a nun hi a khawharna ruamah hnuk lut a, anatna avangin mi zing ah tel a inthlahrung a, amah ngeiin, “Mi hlimna ah leh thiltihnaah telin thil tha ngaihtuah tur nei reng ila chu lunglenna leh khawharna chu ka tuar lo tur” alo ti hial a ni. Kan sawi tawh angin a hun laia natna tihdam theih loh ‘Ngawr’ natna in a beih avangin atan khawvel hi atawp a, a zir chhuah huna alo beisei ve thin te, a lo lungkham ve thin te leh a lo ruahman ve thin zawng zawng te chuan miot khap kar lova an thlawh bosan ta vek si. Khawvel hi beidawnna ruam atangin a thlir a, a thi thuai dawn tih hria in, atan he khawvel hlimna leh nun nawmna hian awmzia a nei tawh silo, chu khawharna ruam atanga a thil thlir chuan thu tam tak a sawi a ni.
    Kaphleia khan ram leh hnam hmangaihna rilru nasa tak a pu tih a thuziak hrang hrang leh a hla ah te kan hmu thei. Ram leh hnam tana a suangtuahna a alo din ve, chu ram pan tura a beihna kawngah chuan harsatna namenlo in a bawm a, “In satuin in ropui tak a rel a, zan khat thlipui alo thawk a, a tihchhiatsak vek a, engmah lovah a chang zo ta angin, ka rilru ka suangtuahna leh ka ruat zawng zawng te chu tichhiatina a awm zo ta.” tiin a sawi a. Chu a khawharna atang chuan “Khawvel hi eng nge ka hnut chhiah ang? Ka ram hi eng nge ka hnutchhiah ang? Hnah thel ro angin ka tla bo mai dawn em ni?” tiin a au chhuak ta lawm lawm a ni.
    Kaphleia tan hian Mizoram hi a hlu chuang bik emaw tih mai turin a thu leh hla ah kan hmu nasa hle a. Mizoram hi ‘Kan Ram’ pawh ti mai lovin ‘Ka Ram’ tih ngatin  a sawi thin a ni. A thiamna leh finna ram leh hnam tan a hmang ve dawn chauh tiin natna in an bawm leh ta si a, chu beidawnna ruam atang chuan a thla avai ani. Ram tana fa hrin man hla lo berah inngaiin, a khawharna vawrtawp ni maia mawi in, “Mi tin pumpelh theihloh thihna chu ka hlau lo va; thlan thim pawh ka hlau hek lo. Mahse khawvela thil tih tur pawimawh a tam teh lul nen, pakhat mah ti lova ka liam tur hian min tilungngai ber a ni”, a lo ti hial a. A khawhar tur zia kan hrethiam maiin a rinawm. Natna tihbaiawm takin a bawm lai pawha ram leh hnam hmangaihna avanga a rilru a chawlh lo zia te, a suangtuahna hmanga Zoram thar alo din nasat ziate a thu leh hla hrang hrang ah te kan hmu a ni. Mahse chung a suangtuahna chu boruakah a tk ram thlenpui zo loin an tham ral ta mai mai si.
    ‘Thlirtu’ a kan hmuh leh pawimawh tak chu ei leh bar zawnna lamah a ni. A hun lai khan Mizo te eizawnna ber chu thingtlang lo neih a ni, sawrkar hnathawk tlem te an awm ve tih loh chu mi nawlpui chuan thingtlang lo neih kha a ni a, an khawsak din hmun pawh a inchen tlang hle. Kum 1953 hmalam kha chuan  Mizo te hi Ei leh Barah kan la intodelh a, mahni thar buhin kan la inchawnm zo ani ( B. Lalthangliana, Mizo History)
    “An pawimawhzia hi a nasa a ni. Khawpui chawmtu an ni a, an tel lo chuan khawpui mite hi riltama thi zo mai tur an ni; dik takin khawvel chawmtu an ni”.tiin thingtlangmite dinhmun tawi fel takin a sawi thingtlang miten en san an hlawh a. An thawhrim dan ngaihtuaha an rethei em em si te kha an ‘hriat loh’ vang a ni tih ahai lo. Thingtlang mite zing a thimna tikiang tur khan a ngaihna an hre thlawt si lo, “Kum tin  hum khat ei chauh zel an thar chhuak a. Thar teuh pawh nise dah that ngaihna an hre si lo” tiin thingtlang mite dinhmun hniam zia leh khai chhuak tu tur an mamawh zia khatih lai khan alo au chhuah pui tawh a ni. Thingtlang mite chu dawm kan leh chhanchhuah a chak em em a. An pawimawhzia hriattir kha a bat niin a ngai ani. Amah thingtlang chhuak a nih avangin thingtlang dinhmun a hrechiang em em a. Chutihrualin thingtlang mite an la hnufum em em bawk si, an chin dawk lak tawh  chu bansan an harsat em em a, hmasawn zawng a ke pen aiin hnung tawlh zawngin an kal ni ten a hre hial  ani. Anmahni khaichhuah theihna tur a nih dawn chuan  ‘Sawi mai ni lova thil tih nena entir an tul a ni’...tiin  “...E khai, thian te u, in kawr hak chu  a letling alawm maw  le...tia thil chik tur a cho chhuah an tul..” a ti bawk a ni.
    A dawt leh atan chuan zirna  chungchanga a thahnem ngaihna hi a ni. Tunlai kan thalai ten zirna kan uar ta hle, mahse thiam tak takna aiin tlakranna, miten an ti alawm tih rilru pu chungin kan ti ve mai ni in alang. Kaphleia pawh hi zirna avangin phai lamah a awm a, an zir chhuak ve dawn ta  cheng a, a beiseina ah chuan hna te kan thawk ve ang nga, chhungte ka chawm ve ang tih chu a rilru a riak reng thin a ni. Mahse chung a beiseinate chu mit khap kar lova tihchhiatin a awm zo ta si, a hreawm ti lutuk chuan “Chhungte  tirethei chauh ka va ni em! Ka eikawnkaw zet a, chhawm dawl leh tum si lovin...”  tiin a chhungte laka a inthlahrun zia a sawi chhuak hial a ni. A hunlai Mizoram leh kan tun hun te inang tawh lo viau mahse tam takah chuan an hunlai ai khan kan tun dinhmun hiu a chhe ta zawk a maw ni tih mai awl tak a ni? An hunlai chuan lehkha zir sang te kha chuan ngaihsan an hlawhin, khawtlang leh chhungkua te khan an chhawr em em thin. An rilru ah kawng engemaw tala mi tangkai nih kha an tum tlat thin. Quality Education kan tih te hi khang hunah an lo dik zawk ni te pawhin a lang. Tunlaiah chuan thiamna a sang tual tual a, chhawrtlak mihring kan tlem tual tual emaw ni tih mai tur a ni ta. Chutih rualin a hunlai khan zirna in ngaih pawimawh ahlawhlo em em a, a colege kal pui te nen pawh thil tha zawk hriattir hi an bat nia hriain zirtirte  pawh an rawt thin, a thahnemngaihluatah “An fate lehkhabu leina’n pawisa a awm lo an ti a, an vawk neih chhun an talha, tlang an hrai si,” tiin a sawi chhuak hial a ni. Mizoram tungding a, a kal sualna te siam tha leh tur hian thalaite te kan pawimawh zia hi a hrechiang em em a, kan mawhphurhna kan hriat a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Engnge kan zir chhan kan hriat a tha, mi faten an tih vanga ti ve mai nge kan nih kan inzawh nawn fo a tha awm e. Kan ram leh hnam tan a kan thiamna leh finna te hmang tur kan nih zia kan hriat a pawimawh, chuvangin kan lehkhathiam te fuihna thu,
    “Kan tlangval lehkhathiam rualte hi kan enthlak ber leh kan rinpui ber te an ni. Chutiang miin thil tha an hriat ang leh an theih ang tih an tum leh si loh chuan engtinnge kan hnam a than ang?”  tia a lo sawite hi hre thar leh ila, tun aia nasa zawka kan ram leh hnam tana rilru kan pek pawh a apawimawh tak zet zet a ni.
    A tawp ber atan chuan Kaphleia hi he khawvelah kum 30 chauh dam mahse hnuhma roupi tak a hnutchhiah kan ti thei ang. Kaphleia hian kutchhuak hrang hrang a nei a, Prose huangah hian chhinchhiah dan chuan kutchhuak 35 a nei a, mahse a tam ber hi hmuhchhuah la ni lo a, heng KURTAI (Feb, 1936), UI (Dec 21, 1937) leh THLIRTU te chauh hi hmuhchhuah a la ni a. Short Story a ziah  CHHINGPUII (Oct 4, 1938-ah ziak tanin, April 11, 1939 ah a zo) chu kan hre theuh awm e. Hla lam pangah hian lehlin te nen kutchhuak hrang hrang 17 a nei bawk a, hmuh chhuah erawh 9 chauh a ni thung, a hla pakhat ram leh hnam hmangaihna hla Zoram! Ka ram (Jan 25, 1939) chu kan hriat theuh a rinawm. Hetiang khawp a hnuhma ropui min hnutchhiah thei hi a fakawm thlawt a ni. Tin Kaphleia hian kum 1931 July ni 8 a Shillong a thlen thlak atangin Diary a ziak tan a, kum 1939 December ni 31 thlengin a kumtin a ziak a, tha takin a vawng a ni, a entawn tlak hle. Kan thu tih tawp nan a tawngkam hi i hmang teh ang :

“Khawvel hi englai pawhin siam that a ngai reng a, that lutuk tih reng reng a nei     lovang.                                                    

Mi fingte thu leh mi tha leh taima thiltih hian a vawng vawng tha hram hram a ni

Kan dam rei leh rei loh  te hi kum te, thla te hian a hril lo ve, kan thu leh kan thiltihin a                                     hril ber zawk a ni”.